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<div class="content-header d-flex no-border-bottom-xl"> <div class="content-header--image"> <article> <img src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/manual_crop_1_1_75x75/public/2020-09/shutterstock_1688916769.jpg?itok=8e1gmzLQ" width="75" height="75" alt="猴子商业图像/ shutterstockgydF4y2Ba" title="Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock" loading="lazy"> </article> </div> <div class="content-header--text"> <h1>行为经济学<gydF4y2Ba/h1> </div> </div> <div> <h2 class="section-title"></h2> <div class="reference__body"> <p><em>行为经济学<gydF4y2Ba/em>运用对人类心理学的理解来解释为什么人们在做决定的时候会偏离理性行为。在模型中<gydF4y2Baem>理性的行为<gydF4y2Ba/em>假设是假设的<gydF4y2Baem>传统经济学<gydF4y2Ba/em>，一个人有望权衡行动的福利和缺点，然后以自己的自身利益选择选择。行为经济理论用于解释大多数日常决策，例如人们购买的，他们如何管理他们的财务状况，以及是否保持健康的生活方式选择。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> <div class="table-of-contents border-top"> <h4 class="table-of-contents--title">内容<gydF4y2Ba/h4> <ul> <li class="table-of-contents--item"><a href="#understanding-behavioral-economics" ">了解行为经济学<gydF4y2Ba/a></li> <li class="table-of-contents--item"><a href="#irrationality-and-behavioral-economics" ">非理性与行为经济学<gydF4y2Ba/a></li> <li class="table-of-contents--item"><a href="#how-to-influence-peoples-behavior" ">如何影响人们的行为<gydF4y2Ba/a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference__sections"> <div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="understanding-behavioral-economics" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <h2 class="section-title">了解行为经济学<gydF4y2Ba/h2> <div class="section__body"> <article> <img src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/crop_1_1_180x180/public/2020-06/shutterstock_178878332.jpg?itok=PdN__Slq" width="180" height="180" alt="石岩/羽毛店gydF4y2Ba" title="lithian/Shutterstock" loading="lazy"> </article> <p><em>行为经济学<gydF4y2Ba/em>运用对人类心理学的理解来解释为什么人们在做决定的时候会偏离理性行为。传统经济学想当然地认为，人拥有无限的资源和时间，最终总是做出理性的选择。美国经济学家和认知心理学家Herbert A. Simon提出了<gydF4y2Baem>有限理性<gydF4y2Ba/em>，这解释了人们的合理性如何受到认知资源的时间范围的限制，以及决定的难度水平。西蒙表示，决策者经常充当<gydF4y2Baem>“易于满足者”,<gydF4y2Ba/em>寻找一个令人满意的解决方案而不是最优的。<gydF4y2Ba/p> <p>诺贝尔奖得主认知心理学家丹尼尔·卡尼曼(他也提出了<gydF4y2Baem>快速和慢思维的系统<gydF4y2Ba/em>)和阿莫斯·特沃斯基(Amos Tversky)<gydF4y2Baem>展望理论，<gydF4y2Ba/em>这说明了<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/basics/decision-making" title="决策gydF4y2Ba" class="basics-link" hreflang="en">决策<gydF4y2Ba/a>由临床心理学提供信息。前景理论分为两个阶段<gydF4y2Baem>编辑阶段<gydF4y2Ba/em>,在那里<gydF4y2Baem>启发式<gydF4y2Ba/em>或者在危险的情况下使用思维捷径<gydF4y2Baem>评估阶段，<gydF4y2Ba/em>心理学原理是<gydF4y2Baem>损失厌恶<gydF4y2Ba/em>和<gydF4y2Baem>参考的依赖<gydF4y2Ba/em>用于分析有风险的替代方案。<gydF4y2Ba/p> <p>这些理论以及对非理性决策的更好理解激发了行为经济学的进一步发展。美国经济学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·塞勒概述道<gydF4y2Baem>心理会计<gydF4y2Ba/em>作为人们编写，分类和权衡经济结果的过程。Thaler也开发了<gydF4y2Baem>推动理论<gydF4y2Ba/em>为了利用框架和启发式的个人和组织，探索人们的选择是如何影响（又名））。<gydF4y2Ba/p> <p></p> <p></p> </div> <div class="faqs"> <div class="faq faq--1"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">传统经济学和行为经济学有什么区别？<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs><<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/basics/intelligence" title="ggydF4y2Ba" class="basics-link" hreflang="en">g<gydF4y2Ba/a>Id ="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><ggydF4y2Baid="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>传统经济学解释了人们如何在他们拥有所有可用信息时做出决定，并且可以花时间理性地思考他们的选择。然而，现实世界的选择往往受到截止日期，不确定性和风险的限制，导致行为可能看起来是不合理的。行为经济学为人们的知识提供了解<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/persuasion-bias-and-choice/201806/5-tips-better-decision-making">可以做出更好的决定<gydF4y2Ba/a>鉴于这些约束。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--2"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">为什么行为经济学很重要?<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>除了能更深入地了解人类行为的动机之外，理解行为经济学还能帮助人们更好地锻炼身体<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/basics/self-control" title="自我控制gydF4y2Ba" class="basics-link" hreflang="en">自我控制<gydF4y2Ba/a>并养成健康的习惯(例如，多运动或少喝酒)。通常，更多地思考未来的自己和长期目标可以帮助人们做出更好的决定<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/science-choice/201409/behavioral-economics-addiction">不屈服于有害的冲动和上瘾。<gydF4y2Ba/a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--3 collapsed faq--last"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">经济激励能改变行为吗?<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>许多组织利用经济激励来实现行为目标。这些奖励可以是积极的(如工作奖金)，也可以是消极的(如对不良行为罚款)。通常情况下，这些激励措施会适得其反<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/articles/201701/the-mystery-motivation">将社会交换转变为经济交换<gydF4y2Ba/a>。激励措施必须是可实现的，并且在不断变化的行为方面是有效的。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pt-ad pt-ad--300x250 d-block d-none d-md-block d-lg-none block" id="block-ad-subpage-300x250-programmatically-rendered"> <div class="pt-ad--container pt-ad-show-text"> <div class="pt-ad--text"> <span>广告后文章继续<gydF4y2Ba/span> </div> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9" class="pt-ad--content"></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="irrationality-and-behavioral-economics" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <h2 class="section-title">非理性与行为经济学<gydF4y2Ba/h2> <div class="section__body"> <article> <img src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/crop_1_1_180x180/public/2020-06/shutterstock_345950645.jpg?itok=58HsE6WO" width="180" height="180" alt="G-Stock工作室/伤风gydF4y2Ba" title="G-Stock Studio/Shutterstock" loading="lazy"> </article> <p>人们的行为往往不理性，甚至违背自己的利益，而不是做出最佳选择。行为经济学解释了为什么是个人<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/science-choice/201712/10-factors-influence-your-purchase-decisions">可能会做出非理性的选择<gydF4y2Ba/a>通过展示他们的决策是如何受到以下因素的影响:<gydF4y2Ba/p> <ul> <li>偏见(如未来贴现)<gydF4y2Ba/li> <li>增强情感<gydF4y2Ba/li> <li>错误的启发式<gydF4y2Ba/li> <li>精神疲劳<gydF4y2Ba/li> <li>损失厌恶<gydF4y2Ba/li> <li>选择过载<gydF4y2Ba/li> <li>感知到的社会规范<gydF4y2Ba/li> <li>情景框架<gydF4y2Ba/li> <li>上下文<gydF4y2Ba/li> </ul> <p>更重要的是，许多决策必须在非常不确定的情况下做出，在这种情况下，人们对选择的所有风险和好处了解不多，或者这些特征在不断变化。行为经济学的目的是了解不确定性对决策的影响，如消费者购买，金融储蓄和生活方式的改变。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> <div class="faqs"> <div class="faq faq--1"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">行为经济学中有哪些偏见的例子?<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>一个<gydF4y2Baem>Knee-Jerk.<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/basics/bias" title="偏见gydF4y2Ba" class="basics-link" hreflang="en">偏见<gydF4y2Ba/a></em>涉及到<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/the-power-prime/201305/cognitive-biases-are-bad-business">做出快速、本能的决定<gydF4y2Ba/a>而不是花时间去考虑。与<gydF4y2Baem>奥卡姆剃刀偏见,<gydF4y2Ba/em>一个人认为最明显的解决方案是最好的。一个<gydF4y2Baem>筒仓效应<gydF4y2Ba/em>做决定的方法太狭隘。<gydF4y2Baem><a href="//www.vopedia.com/us/basics/motivated-reasoning" title="确认偏误gydF4y2Ba" class="basics-link" hreflang="en">确认偏误<gydF4y2Ba/a></em>专注于确认一套既定信念和假设的信息。个人也可能屈服于<gydF4y2Baem>惯性偏见<gydF4y2Ba/em>——以熟悉和可预测的方式思考和行动——或者<gydF4y2Baem>近视偏见<gydF4y2Ba/em>——通过狭隘的个人历史和情感包袱来解读这个世界。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--2"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">使用启发式解决问题的主要缺点是什么？<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>为了保护认知资源，人们可能会使用<gydF4y2Baem>启发式<gydF4y2Ba/em>通知他们做决定。然而，这些思维捷径往往基于概括和主观经验，可能是有限的或错误的。因此，人们会根据不完全的信息做出决定<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/thoughts-thinking/201902/4-outcomes-lazy-thinking">懒惰的思想<gydF4y2Ba/a>他们错的可能性和对的可能性一样大。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--3 collapsed"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">有哪些启发式导致非理性选择的例子?<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>在里面<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/thoughts-thinking/201902/4-outcomes-lazy-thinking"><em>可用性启发式<gydF4y2Ba/em></a>在美国，人们倾向于根据回忆相关信息的容易程度来判断。与<gydF4y2Baem><a href="//www.vopedia.com/us/basics/heuristics" title="代表性启发式gydF4y2Ba" class="basics-link" hreflang="en">代表性启发式<gydF4y2Ba/a>,<gydF4y2Ba/em>人们通常做出错误的决定，因为他们将他们的经历误认为是在世界其他地方有多可能有多可能的经验。这<gydF4y2Baem>锚定(和调整)启发式<gydF4y2Ba/em>使用初始信息作为锚定判断所有其他信息的初始信息，即使它是错误或缺陷的。这<gydF4y2Baem>影响启发式<gydF4y2Ba/em>涉及基于目前的情绪状态作出决定。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--4 collapsed faq--last"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">选择太多是否会导致糟糕的决策?<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>人们做决定的时间往往是有限的。当有太多的选择时，不可能做出理性的选择——仅仅是收集信息，你可能就需要花费很长时间。<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/stretching-theory/201810/too-much-choice">因此<gydF4y2Baem>选择过载<gydF4y2Ba/em></a>，人们可以体验决策瘫痪，心理疲劳和失望或对他们的选择不满。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="how-to-influence-peoples-behavior" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <h2 class="section-title" itemprop="name">你怎么能影响人们的行为？<gydF4y2Ba/h2> <div class="section__body" itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer"> <article> <img src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/crop_1_1_180x180/public/2020-09/shutterstock_754158427.jpg?itok=al3UvkD0" width="180" height="180" alt="布布拉豪斯/羽毛房gydF4y2Ba" title="BublikHaus/Shutterstock" loading="lazy"> </article> <div itemprop="text"> <p>许多人倾向于选择能带来即时快乐的选择，而不是以牺牲短期满足为代价获得长期满足的选择。使用行为经济学，个人和机构可以利用这一点来操纵人们采取特定的行动或购买行为。<gydF4y2Ba/p> <p>影响一个人的一种方式是“轻推”，这是一种积极强化和间接建议的结合，鼓励特定的行为。并非所有这些操纵都是有害的，因为行为经济学可以用来让人们做出积极的行为<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/basics/habit-formation" title="行为变化gydF4y2Ba" class="basics-link" hreflang="en">行为变化<gydF4y2Ba/a>，例如少吃或省钱更多的钱。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faqs"> <div class="faq faq--1"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">什么是强奸理论？<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>在书中<gydF4y2Baem>推动<gydF4y2Ba/em>理查德•塞勒(Richard Thaler)和卡斯•桑斯坦(Cass Sunstein)将“轻推”定义为一种通过心理、环境和社会线索影响人们做出更理想决定的政策。例如，把健康食品放在与眼睛平齐的位置，而不是垃圾食品。人们仍然有<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/basics/free-will" title="自由意志gydF4y2Ba" class="basics-link" hreflang="en">自由意志<gydF4y2Ba/a>- 不被禁止或授权 - 但它是<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/the-outsourced-mind/201611/is-it-nudge-or-shove-even-experts-can-blur-the-lines">做对自己最有利的事更容易<gydF4y2Ba/a>从长远来看。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--2"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">轻推的例子是什么?<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>一种助推是<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/consumed/201608/big-data-is-nudging-you"><em>缺乏吸引力<gydF4y2Ba/em>,<gydF4y2Ba/a>其中使用有限时间提供或限制数量来说服客户停止拖延或推迟决定并进行购买。这是有效的，因为消费者往往担心他们会后悔未来未来购买一些东西。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--3 collapsed"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <h3 itemprop="name" class="faq--question">有哪些技巧?<gydF4y2Ba/h3> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewbox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc> 用草图创建。<gydF4y2Ba/desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div></button> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p><a href="//www.vopedia.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/202005/4-self-nudging-tricks-make-doing-the-right-thing-easier">无论是抚摸自己还是别人，<gydF4y2Ba/a>使用提醒并定期提示是有助于保持目标行为的最重要意义。将消极的思想恢复为积极的思想可以提升<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.vopedia.com/us/basics/motivation" title="动机gydF4y2Ba" class="basics-link" hreflang="en">动机<gydF4y2Ba/a>并且降低诱惑的可访问性可以防止后退。此外，社会压力可能是一个有效的工具，可以增加达到一个人的目标的问责制。<gydF4y2Ba/p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--4 collapsed faq--last"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" 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